大豆饲料产品中主要抗营养因子含量的检测与分析

本试验旨在应用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法以及色谱法测定不同加工工艺的大豆饲料产品中主要大豆抗营养因子大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子以及大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的含量。采用ELISA试剂盒对国内257份大豆制品中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量进行检测与分析;利用离子色谱建立了大豆产品中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的灵敏、准确的同步测定法,并对国内92份大豆制品中寡糖含量进行检测与分析。结果表明:发酵豆粕、膨化大豆、大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量相对较低;本试验所建立的离子色谱同步测定大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的方法具有灵敏度和准确性高、重现性好的优点,适用于大豆寡糖的测定;通过对实际样品的检测和分析,发现发酵豆粕和大豆分离蛋白中3种大豆寡糖含量均相对较低。本试验所得到不同加工工艺的大豆产品中主要抗营养因子含量的相关数据将为大豆在畜禽饲料中的高效利用提供很好的技术支撑。     

Effects of supplementation with green tea by‐products on growth performance,meat quality,blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation in goats

Forty‐eight castrated male goats were used to determine the effects of feeding green tea by‐products (GTB) on growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation. Experimental treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four levels of GTB (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0%). Four replicate pens were assigned to each treatment with three goats per replicate. Increasing dietary GTB tended to linearly increase the overall average weight gain and feed intake (p = 0.09). Water holding capacity, pH and sensory attributes of meat were not affected by GTB supplementation, while cooking loss was reduced both linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01). The redness (linear; p = 0.02, quadratic; p < 0.01) and yellowness (quadratic; p < 0.01) values of goat meat were improved by GTB supplementation. Increasing dietary GTB quadratically increased protein and decreased crude fat (p < 0.05), while linearly decreased cholesterol (p = 0.03) content of goat meat. The proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n‐6 PUFA increased linearly (p < 0.01) and n‐3 PUFA increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as GTB increased in diets. Increasing dietary GTB linearly increased the PUFA/SFA (saturated fatty acid) and tended to linearly and quadratically increase (p ≤ 0.10) the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances values of meat were lower in the 2.0% GTB‐supplemented group in all storage periods (p < 0.05). Dietary GTB linearly decreased plasma glucose and cholesterol (p < 0.01) and quadratically decreased urea nitrogen concentrations (p = 0.001). The growth of spleen cells incubated in concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharides medium increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to GTB supplementation. Our results suggest that GTB may positively affect the growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation when supplemented as a feed additive in goat diet.     

Effects of pistachio by‐products on digestibility,milk production,milk fatty acid profile and blood metabolites in Saanen dairy goats

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pistachio by‐products (PBP) on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and milk fatty acid (FA) profile in Saanen dairy goats. Nine multiparous lactating Saanen goats (on day 90 post‐partum, 45 ± 2/kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three treatment diets: 1) control diet (alfalfa hay based), 2) 32% PBP and 3) 32% PBP + polyethylene glycol (PEG‐4000; 1 g/kg dry matter). Each period lasted 21 days, including 14 day for treatment adaptation and 7 day for data collection. Pistachio by‐products significantly decreased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) digestibility compared with the control diet (64.4% vs. 58.7%), but PEG addition did not differ for CP digestibility of goats fed 32% PBP + PEG and those fed the two other diets. The digestibility of NDF tended (p = 0.06) to decrease for goats fed PBP compared with those fed the control diet. Yields of milk and 4% fat‐corrected milk were not affected by dietary treatments. Compared with the control diet, PBP supplementation appreciably changed the proportions of almost all the milk FA measured; the main effects were decreases (p < 0.01) in FA from 8:0 to 16:0 and increases (p < 0.01) proportions of cis‐9, trans‐11 18:2 and trans‐11 18:1, monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA and long‐chain FA. The saturated FA, short‐chain FA and medium‐chain FA proportions were lower (p < 0.01) in goats fed the two PBP supplemented diet than in those fed the control diet and PEG addition led to intermediate proportions of saturated FA, unsaturated and monounsaturated FA. Inclusion of PBP in the diet decreased (p < 0.01) plasma concentrations of glucose and urea nitrogen compared with the control diet. It was concluded that PBP can be used as forage in the diet of dairy goats without interfering with milk yield. Inclusion of 32% PBP in the diet of dairy goats had beneficial effects on milk FA profile but PEG addition to PBP did not contribute to enhance further milk FA profile.     

电子鼻结合GC-MS分析不同干燥方式对罗非鱼片挥发性风味成分的影响

为了解不同干燥方式对罗非鱼片挥发性风味物质的影响,为罗非鱼片加工提供参考依据,采用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析了经超声波辅助聚葡萄糖渗透热泵干燥(UAPOHPD)、热泵干燥(HPD)、超声波辅助聚葡萄糖渗透真空冷冻-热泵联合干燥(UAPOVFHPCD)和真空冷冻干燥...     

成品油管道顺序输送中柴油蜡沉积研究进展

在成品油管道顺序输送过程中,当环境温度较低时,柴油可能形成蜡沉积物,污染后行汽油,造成混油损失。开展柴油蜡沉积研究,对保障成品油管道经济高效运行具有重要意义。对此,总结了现有的主要蜡沉积理论;从静态实验和动态实验两个方面梳理了柴油蜡沉积实验研究现状;分析了基于分子扩散和剪切弥散两种理论建立的柴油蜡沉积速率预测模型。指出加强对柴油结蜡机理的研究,建立柴油蜡沉积模型,定量表征后行汽油溶蜡后主要质量参数的变化规律,是成品油管道顺序输送的重要研究方向。通过对柴油蜡沉积研究进展的系统阐述,为将来深入开展相关研究提供了重要参考。(图1,参29)     

中国大宗农产品国际竞争力的出口效应分析

【目的】大宗农产品是中国国际贸易中的基础性商品,研究其国际竞争力对出口的影响,为改善中国大宗农产品贸易条件提供理论依据。【方法】基于联合国贸易数据库2001~2018年相关贸易数据,综合运用国际市场占有率指数和恒定市场份额模型分析中国大宗农产品国际竞争力对出口的影响效应。【结果】2001~2018年中国大宗农产品国际竞争力MS指数由5.63%上升至6.93%,对出口增长的贡献率为33.05%,其中,糖及糖食、棉花及制品的MS指数分别由0.96%、11.22%上升至4.62%、28.12%,出口贡献率分别为33.77%和47.94%,谷物和油料产品的MS指数分别由3.10%、4.94%下降至0.94%、2.69%,出口贡献率分别为-859.52%、-14.81%。【结论】中国大宗农产品国际竞争力提升是出口增长的重要驱动因素,具体竞争力的出口效应高于整体竞争力;糖及糖食、棉花及制品国际竞争力提升的出口增长贡献率较大,而谷物和油料国际竞争力下降对其出口有显著阻碍作用。     

木材科学与技术研究新进展

木材作为世界四大基础材料中(钢铁、水泥、塑料、木材)唯一的可再生资源,广泛应用于家具、建筑、能源、新材料等领域,与人们的生活息息相关,已成为国民经济重要支柱产业。从木材微观分子生物学到宏观木结构,再到新型木质纳米材料进行全面阐释,对于木材科学与技术领域的基础理论研究和重大核心技术突破具有重要指导意义。木材科学与技术已发展为综合性的交叉学科,资源、环境和科学技术的发展,使得木材科学与技术领域的基础理论研究和关键技术取得了一系列的重大突破。笔者从微观的细胞分子层面到宏观的木结构和木建筑,从木材构造与材性、木材水分及干燥、木材保护与改良、木材重组与复合、木制品与木结构、木材解离与组装、木材解构及转化等方面,概述了木材科学与技术的经典理论,重点总结分析了近二十年来木材科学与技术领域取得的系列新进展,概括木材及其衍生材料在新型先进纳米复合材料领域的应用,并展望了木材科学与技术领域未来的研究热点和发展方向,以期为我国林产工业,特别是木材加工产业的科技进步和产业结构调整与升级提供理论和技术支撑。     

农产品质量安全科研检测单位的劳务派遣用工管理

受人员编制限制,人力资源相对不足制约了农产品质量安全科研检测单位的发展。劳务派遣作为一种新型用工形式,一定程度上解决了农产品质量安全科研检测单位的人力资源配置问题。文章对农产品质量安全科研检测单位劳务派遣用工管理进行解析,分析存在的问题,并提出一些对策,以期对农产品质量安全科研检测单位的劳务派遣运用有所启示。     

中国农产品品牌建设研究综述

农产品品牌建设是现代化农业建设的重要标志,有利于促进传统农业向现代农业的转型升级,同时为区域农业以及其他产业都提供了巨大的发展空间。本研究旨在全面了解并探讨中国农产品品牌建设现状。主要对农产品品牌化的作用、农产品品牌建设相关研究进行综述,概括了农产品品牌化对提高中国农产品的质量和竞争力、推进农产品的产业化发展、促进乡村产业振兴的作用,探讨了中国“三品一标”农产品品牌建设、特色农产品品牌建设、农产品区域公用品牌建设、农产品品牌建设的地域特点及存在的问题,针对现有问题提出了建议,以期为提高农产品品牌建设水平,推动质量兴农和乡村振兴提供借鉴和参考。